Vector Network Analyzers (VNA)
A vector network analyzer, or VNA, is a tool for RF design that verifies the performance of components like mixers, filters, cables, antenna, amplifiers, and more, ensuring the component(s)' system performance meets system/subsystem specifications. A stimulus signal is sent through the device under test, and the VNA analyzes both the input and output signal, monitoring both signal transmission and reflection. Manufacturers utilize VNAs to check that their products are ready for shipping and VNAs also are used in the field to troubleshoot RF / microwave systems.