Rohde & Schwarz ESW44 | 1 Hz – 44 GHz

SAE J551 specifies measurement procedures and performance levels for magnetic and electric field emissions and conducted power mains emissions over the frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz for vehicles incorporating electric propulsion systems, e.g., battery, hybrid, or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Conducted emissions measurements for SAE J551 apply only to battery-charging systems which utilize a switching frequency above 9 kHz, are mounted on the vehicle, and whose power is transferred by metallic conductors. Conducted emission requirements apply only during charging the batteries from AC power lines. Conducted and radiated emissions measurements of battery-charging systems that use an induction power coupling device are not covered by the SAE J551 document. The measurement of electromagnetic disturbances for frequencies from 30 MHz to 100 MHz is covered in CISPR 12.

RTCA/DO-160 Section 20 provides test procedures to determine if equipment will operate when the EUT and its interconnecting cables are exposed to Radio Frequency interference. Continuous Wave (CW), Square Wave AM (SW), and Pulse Modulated (PM) RF signals are required. A Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) must be inserted in series with each power lead and ungrounded power return lead, with a 10 uF capacitor connected between the power input of the LISN and the ground plane. RTCA/DO-160 Section 20 has been updated to reflect the requirements of the new FAA rule for High Intensity Radiated Fields testing, also known as HIRF Testing, which is a form of EMC testing applicable to equipment that is subject to extreme electromagnetic environments and/or mission-critical equipment whose failure would be hazardous to human safety. HIRF requirements are applied to ensure that the aircraft electrical and electronic systems can continue safe operation without interruption, failure or malfunction.   Conducted Susceptibility Similar to MIL-STD-461F test method CS114, the RF conducted susceptibility test has the RF interference coupled into the EUT interconnecting cables and power leads using an injection probe calibrated (in a 50 ohm fixture) to the required test level before performing the test. During testing, the RF current induced into the cable or lead under test is monitored with a calibrated RF current probe, and the RF power applied to the injection probe is increased until the appropriate current level (as defined by the applicable Equipment Category used) is reached.   Radiated Susceptibility Similar to MIL-STD-461F test method RS103, the EUT and its interconnecting cables and power leads are exposed to RF radiated fields in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 18 GHz. There two RF radiated susceptibility test methods specified in RTCA/DO-160 Section 20. The first method uses a standard semi-anechoic chamber as in MIL-STD-461F test

The tests in RTCA/DO-160 Section 21 are performed to ensure that the Equipment Under Test (EUT) does not emit Radio Frequency interferences that exceed the specified limits. Conducted RF emissions exposed to interconnecting cables and power leads are measured. Radiated RF emissions from the EUT, power leads and interconnecting cables are also measured.  Measurements must be made with an instrument using a peak detector, and with IF bandwidths, frequency step size, and dwell time as specified in RTCA/DO-160 Section 21, Table 1, for the frequency range being scanned. A Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) must be placed in series with each power lead and ungrounded power return lead, with a 10 uF capacitor connected between the power input of the LISN and the ground plane.  Interconnecting cables should be at least 3.3 meters in length, and power leads will be no more than 1 meter in length for these tests unless otherwise specified.  Ambient emission levels must be at least 6 dB below the applicable limit and must be measured and recorded if any signals are found to be within 3 dB of the applicable limit.   Conducted Emissions Clamp-on current probes are used to measure conducted RF current on interconnecting cables and power leads. The current probe is to be positioned 5 centimeters away from the EUT and measurements are recorded over the frequency range of 150 kHz to 152 MHz.   Radiated Emissions A linearly polarized antenna is used to measure Radiated RF fields over the frequency range of 100 MHz to 6 GHz. As seen in RF radiated susceptibility testing in Section 20, there are two RF radiated emissions test methods allowed in RTCA/DO-160 Section 21: The Reverberation Chamber Method and the Anechoic Chamber method. The Reverberation Chamber method which requires a Field Uniformity Validation from Section 20. After the EUT is installed in the chamber, EUT Loading is measured, and this data is used as a

MIL-STD-461G CE106 is a military test standard procedure that applies to the antenna ports of transmitters, receivers, and amplifiers over the frequency range of 10 kHz to 40 GHz. The requirement does not apply to equipment designed with antennas permanently mounted to the EUT. The transmit mode portion of MIL-STD-461G CE106 is not applicable within the bandwidth of the EUT transmitted signal or within ±5 percent of the fundamental frequency, whichever is larger. For Navy shipboard applications with peak transmitter power greater than 1 kW, the 5% frequency exclusion will be increased by an additional 0.1% of the fundamental frequency for each dB above 1 kW of peak power.  Frequency Exclusion = ± f * (0.05 + (0.001/dB) * (PtPk [dBm] – 60 [dBm])) Depending on the operating frequency range of the EUT, the start frequency of the test is as follows:   EUT Operating Frequency Range Start Frequency of Test 10 kHz to 3 MHz 10 kHz 3 MHz to 300 MHz 100 kHz 300 MHz to 3 GHz 1 MHz 3 GHz to 40 GHz 10 MHz The equipment will be tested to an upper-frequency limit based on the highest frequency generated or received by the EUT. For systems with the frequencies generated or received less than 1 GHz, the upper-frequency limit will be 20 times the highest frequency or 18 GHz, whichever is greater. For systems with frequencies generated or received greater than or equal to 1 GHz, the upper-frequency limit will be 10 times the highest frequency or 40 GHz, whichever is less. For equipment using waveguide, the requirement does not apply below eight-tenths of the waveguide's cutoff frequency. RE103 may be used as an alternative for MIL-STD-461G CE106 for testing transmitters with their operational antennas.   Test Equipment Measurement receiver Attenuators, 50 ohm Rejection networks Directional couplers Dummy loads, 50 ohm Signal

MIL-STD-461G CS103 is a receiver front-end susceptibility requirement applicable from 15 kHz to 10 GHz for equipment and subsystems, such as communications receivers, RF amplifiers, transceivers, radar receivers, acoustic receivers, and electronic warfare receivers as specified in the individual procurement specification.  MIL-STD-461G CS103 mandates that the EUT shall not exhibit any intermodulation products beyond specified tolerances when subjected to the limit requirement provided in the individual procurement specification. This test procedure is used to determine the presence of intermodulation products that may be caused by undesired signals at the EUT antenna input ports.   Procedures No test procedures are provided in the main body of this standard for this requirement. Because of the large variety of receiver designs being developed, the requirements for the specific operational characteristics of a receiver must be established before meaningful test procedures can be developed. Only general testing techniques are discussed in this appendix. Intermodulation testing can be applied to a variety of receiving subsystems such as receivers, RF amplifiers, transceivers, and transponders. Several receiver front-end characteristics must be known for proper testing for intermodulation responses. These characteristics generally should be determined by the conducted test. The maximum signal input that the receiver can tolerate without overload needs to be known to ensure that the test levels are reasonable and that the test truly is evaluating intermodulation effects. The bandpass characteristics of the receiver are important for determining frequencies near the receiver fundamental fo that will be excluded from the test. Requirements for this test are generally expressed in terms of a relative degree of rejection by specifying the difference in level between potentially interfering signals and the established sensitivity of the receiver

MIL-STD-461G is the military test standard that establishes requirements for the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of devices and systems created for and used by the United States Department of Defense (DoD). In the pages of MIL-STD-461G, a comprehensive set of test procedures are defined to fulfill the DoD’s electromagnetic emissions and susceptibility regulations. The test procedures are broken up into four groups: radiated emissions (RE), conducted emissions (CE), radiated susceptibility (RS) and conducted susceptibility (CS). Procedures are named with one of the two-letter abbreviations followed by a code; for example, RE103, a radiation emissions test procedure specific to antenna spurious and harmonic outputs.  Detecting rogue signals and electromagnetic interference is crucial to the military, as everything from a cellphone to a navigation component on a stealth jet produces an electromagnetic field and can potentially threaten safety, efficiency or secret communications. The DoD created an Electromagnetic Compatibility Program to address the growing concern that EMI was affecting military operations with the goal of integrating electromagnetic compatibility into defense industry R&D. Ever since, the three branches of the military have collaborated to produce updated and expanded versions, culmunating in the most recent edition of the standard: MIL-STD-461G. The changes made between MIL-STD-461F and MIL-STD-461G can be seen below. Major differences include the removal of CS106 and the addition of CS117 and CS118. View the differences between MIL-STD-461F and MIL-STD-461G.   Requirement Matrix Equipment CE101 CE102 CE106 CS101 CS103 CS104 CS105 CS109 CS114 Surface Ships A A L A S L S L A Submarines A A L A S L S L A Aircraft,

MIL-STD-461G RE102 is applicable for radiated emissions from equipment and subsystem enclosures, and all interconnecting cables. For equipment with permanently mounted antennas, MIL-STD-461G RE102 does not apply at the transmitter fundamental frequency and the necessary occupied bandwidth of the signal. The requirement is applicable as follows:    Ground 2 MHz to 18 GHz Ships, surface 10 kHz to 18 GHz Submarines 10 kHz to 18 GHz Aircraft (Army and Navy) 10 kHz to 18 GHz Aircraft (Air Force) 2 MHz to 18 GHz Space 10 kHz to 18 GHz MIL-STD-461G RE102 is used to verify that electric field emissions from the EUT and its associated cabling do not exceed specified requirements.   Test Equipment The test equipment shall be as follows: a. Measurement receivers. b. Data recording device. c. Antennas: (1) 10 kHz to 30 MHz, 104 cm rod with impedance matching network. The signal output connector shall be bonded to the antenna matching network case. (a) When the impedance matching network includes a preamplifier (active rod), observe the overload precautions in 4.3.7.3. (b) Use a square counterpoise measuring at least 60 cm on a side. (2) 30 MHz to 200 MHz, Biconical, 137 cm tip to tip. (3) 200 MHz to 1 GHz, Double ridge horn, 69.0 by 94.5 cm opening. (4) 1 GHz to 18 GHz, Double ridge horn, 24.2 by 13.6 cm opening. d. Signal generators. e. Stub radiator. f. Capacitor, 10 pF. g. LISNs.   Procedures The test procedures shall be as follows: a. Verify that the ambient requirements specified in 4.3.4 are met. Take plots of the ambient when required by the referenced paragraph. b. Turn on the measurement equipment and allow a sufficient time for stabilization. c. Using the system check path of Figure RE102-5, perform the following evaluation of the overall measurement system from

MIL-STD-461G RE103 may be used as an alternative for CE106 when testing transmitters with their intended antennas. This requirement is met if the emissions do not exceed the applicable RE102 limit in transmit mode. MIL-STD-461G RE103 is the preferred requirement unless the equipment or subsystem design characteristics preclude its use. RE103 should be the preferred method for systems using an active antenna or when the antenna impedance has a non-standard impedance curve. The requirement is applicable from 10 kHz to 40 GHz and not applicable within the bandwidth of the EUT transmitted signal or within ±5 percent of the fundamental frequency, whichever is larger. For Navy shipboard applications with peak transmitter power (PtPk) greater than 1 kW, the 5% frequency exclusion is increased by an additional 0.1% of the fundamental frequency for each dB above 1 kW of peak power.  Frequency Exclusion = ±f * (0.05 + (0.001/dB) * (PtPk [dBm] – 60 [dBm]))   Operating Frequency Range (EUT) Start Frequency of Test 10 kHz to 3 MHz 10 kHz 3 MHz to 300 MHz 100 kHz 300 MHz to 3 GHz 1 MHz 3 GHz to 40 GHz 10 MHz According to MIL-STD-461G RE103, the equipment will be tested to an upper-frequency limit based on the highest frequency generated or received by the EUT. For systems with the frequencies generated or received less than 1 GHz, the upper-frequency limit will be 20 times the highest frequency or 18 GHz whichever is greater. For systems with frequencies generated or received greater than or equal to 1 GHz, the upper-frequency limit will be 10 times the highest frequency or 40 GHz whichever is less. For equipment using waveguide, the requirement does not apply below eight-tenths of the waveguide's cutoff frequency. This test procedure is used to verify that radiated spurious and harmonic emissions from transmitters do not exceed the specified

LV 124 is a quality and reliability test standard jointly established by German automotive manufacturers in 2013. This standard covers tests for electric and electronic components for use in motor vehicles  The standard consists of Part I: electrical requirements and tests and Part II: environmental requirements and tests. LV 124 is required for all supplies of German OEMs. Espec provides products that perform tests that are unique to LV124, including condensation tests with assemblies and life/temperature cycle tests. Voltages and currents VN Nominal voltage VBmin Lower operating voltage limit VB Operating voltage VBmax Upper operating voltage limit Vmax Maximum voltage that may occur during a test Vmin Minimum voltage that may curry during a test VPP Peak-peak voltage Veff RMS value of a voltage Vtest Test voltage IN Nominal current GND Device ground VA, VT, VS, VR Voltage level of the start voltage pulse   Times/durations tr Rise time (e.g., of a voltage curve) tf Fall time (e.g., of a voltage curve)   Temperatures Tmin Minimum operating temperature TRT Room temperature Tmax Maximum operating temperature Ttest Test temperature   Tolerances & Standard Values Frequencies ±1% Temperatures ±2 °C Humidity ±5% Times/durations +5%; 0% Voltages ±2% Current ±2% Room Temperature TRT = 23 °C ± 5 °C Humidity Hrel = 25% to 75% relative humidity Test Temperature Ttest =

ISO 13766-1:2018 provides test methods and acceptance criteria for the evaluation of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of earth-moving machinery, and the following building construction machinery as defined in ISO/TR 12693:210: -drilling and foundation equipment; - equipment used for the preparation, conveyance and compaction of concrete, mortar, and processing reinforcement;  -road construction and maintenance machinery and equipment. ISO 13766-1:2018 deals with general EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environmental conditions and functional safety. Electrical/electronic subassemblies (ESA) and separate ESA intended to be fitted to the machinery are also dealt with. The following electromagnetic disturbance phenomena are evaluated. broadband and narrowband electromagnetic interference electromagnetic field immunity electrostatic discharge conducted transients The machinery can have AC, DC, or a combination of both as the internal electrical power supply system. ISO 13766-1:2018 is not applicable to machines that are designed to be supplied by the external mains network or to phenomena caused by military applications.

ISO 14982 specifies test methods and acceptance criteria for evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of tractors and other mobile agricultural machinery, forest machinery, landscaping, and gardening machinery as supplied by the machine manufacturer. It applies to machines and electrical/electronic sub-assemblies (ESA's) which are manufactured after the date of publication of this International Standard. Electrical components or subassemblies intended for fitting in machines are also within the scope of this standard, except regarding immunity for those parts whose functions are not involved in the direct control and modification of the state of the functions of the machine. For the purposes of ISO 14982, the following definitions apply (selected definitions follow) Electromagnetic compatibility is defined as the ability of a machine or components or a separate technical unit to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.   Electromagnetic disturbance: any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a machine or component or separate technical unity. Electromagnetic immunity: the ability of a machine or component or separate technical unit to perform in the presence of specified electromagnetic disturbances without degradation of performance. Electromagnetic environment: the totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location. The requirements of ISO 14982 shall be met by a machine operating in accordance with its final purpose. According to the choice of the machine manufacturer, the following alternatives are possible to demonstrate conformity with this International Standard.   The requirements of this International Standard are deemed to be fulfilled for a complete machine when the requirements identified in clauses 5 and 6, as applicable, are fulfilled. If the machine

ANSI C63.4 describes the United States standard procedures for measuring RF signals and noise generated by electronic and electrical instruments over the frequency range of 9 kHz to 40 GHz. ANSI C63.4 does not include either generic or product-specific emission limits. The specifications within ANSI C63.4 are harmonized with separate national and international standards utilized with similar intent. ANSI C63.4 is designed to standardize the implementation of emissions testing concerning compliance requirements intended to protect communications services. The standard can be applied to the emissions monitoring of a variety of devices, including both stand-alone units and interconnected units. Notwithstanding other possible uses, this standard is intended to be used for making emission measurements of unintentional radiators (including digital devices and receivers) and for making emission measurements of the digital device portions contained in or used in intentional radiators. Buy Standard

ANSI C63.2 lists requirements for measuring instruments used for electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurements are provided, involving quasi-peak, peak, and average detection in the frequency range 9 kHz to 40 GHz. ANSI C63.2 specifies requirements for measuring receivers [i.e., electromagnetic interference (EMI) receivers and spectrum analyzers with and without preselection] used for radiated and conducted emission measurements. Specifications relate to the measuring equipment only, not transducers like antennas, line impedance stabilization networks (LISNs), or current probes. ANSI C63.2 has been prepared to consolidate the applicable requirements found in CISPR 16-1-1:2010 as well as ANSI C63.2 into one standard to provide a harmonized set of specifications such that the same instrument can be used for measurements in accordance with national and international standards. Additional requirements have been added to address domestic measurement needs as well as requirements for the frequency range 18 GHz to 40 GHz. Buy Standard

CISPR 12 is equivalent to the SAE J 551-2 standard for the following: vehicles, boats, and internal combustion engine-driven devices - radio disturbance characteristics - limits and methods of measurement. Test setup according to CISPR12 typically is as follows: a monopole is used for the range 150 KHz to 30 MHz only vertical polarization measurements are made for 30 MHz to 200 MHz, a biconical antenna is used the log-periodic is used for the range 200 MHz-1000 MHz a biconical antenna is used, the log-periodic is used for the range 200 MHz-10000 MHz tuned dipoles can be used for the entire range. For 10 m testing, the antenna is 10 meters from the outer skin of the vehicle and in line with engine midpoint. Both sides of the vehicle are tested. For 3 m testing antenna is placed at 1.8 m both polarizations are measured. According to CISPR 12, the chamber must be correlated to OATS. An NSA measurement showing a small deviation should demonstrate that development. This standard applies to the emission of electromagnetic energy which may cause interference to radio reception and which is emitted from a) vehicles propelled by an internal combustion engine, electrical means or both (see 3.1); b) boats propelled by an internal combustion engine, electrical means or both (see 3.2). Boats are to be tested in the same manner as vehicles except where they have unique characteristics as explicitly stated in this standard c) devices equipped with internal combustion engines (see 3.3). See Annex G for a flow chart to help determine the applicability of CISPR 12. This standard does not apply to aircraft, traction systems (railway, tramway, and electric trolley bus), or incomplete vehicles. In the case of a dual-mode trolley bus (e.g. propelled by power from either a.c./d.c. mains or an internal combustion engine), the internal combustion propulsion system must be included, but the AC/DC mains portion of the vehicle propulsion system is

CISPR 14-1 specifies the requirements that apply to the emission of radio-frequency disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 400 GHz from appliances, electric tools, and similar apparatus, whether powered by AC or DC (including a battery). Also included in the scope of CISPR 14-1 are separate parts of the above-mentioned equipment such as motors and switching devices (e.g. power or protective relays); however, no emission requirements apply to such separate parts, unless otherwise stated in this standard. The limits in this standard have been determined on a probabilistic basis, to keep the suppression of disturbances economically feasible while still achieving adequate radio protection. In exceptional cases, radio frequency interference may occur, despite compliance with the limits. In such a case, additional provisions may be required. The effects of electromagnetic phenomena relating to the safety of the apparatus are excluded from the scope of this standard. Advanced Test Equipment Rentals provides a variety of equipment for performing electromagnetic compatibility tests. Check out related equipment here.

CISPR 16-1-1 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Also, CISPR 16-1-1 provides requirements for specialized equipment for discontinuous disturbance measurements.  In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-1 is a basic electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of a basic EMC standard. CISPR and its subcommittee are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products. The specifications in this document apply to electromagnetic interference (EMI) receivers and spectrum analyzers. The term “measuring receiver” used in this document refers to both EMI receivers and spectrum analyzers (see also 3.7). Advanced Test Equipment Rentals provides a variety of equipment for performing apparatus tests. Check out related equipment here.

Buy Standard This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the characteristics and calibration of the absorbing clamp for the measurement of radio disturbance power in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 GHz. The second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003. It constitutes a technical revision. In this edition a more detailed calibration method for the absorbing clamp is specified. Furthermore, new alternative calibration methods are introduced which are more practicable than the one which was specified previously. Additional parameters to describe the absorbing clamp are defined, like the decoupling factor for the broadband absorber (DF) and the decoupling factor for the current transformer (DR), along with their validation methods. A procedure for the validation of the absorbing clamp test site (ACTS) is also included in the document.

Buy Standard The IEC CISPR 16-1-4 standard specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications for antennas and test sites are included. The requirements of this standard apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment. Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, and further information on radio disturbance is given in Part 3 of CISPR 16. Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in Part 4 of CISPR 16. In the current edition of this standard provisions are added to address evaluation of a set-up table in the frequency range above 1 GHz. IEC CISPR 16-1-4 consists of the following five parts that contain information related to uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling: • Part 4-1: Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests • Part 4-2: Uncertainty in EMC measurements • Part 4-3: Statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products • Part 4-4: Statistics of complaints and a model for the calculation of limits • Part 4-5: Conditions for the use of alternative test methods

CISPR 25 controls the radio environment within the vehicle and was developed in response to the variety of radio receivers that can be installed and/or used in modern motor vehicles. The standard subcommittee holds the view that interference to on-board radio reception caused by equipment on the same vehicle is a quality, or customer satisfaction issue, rather than a matter for government regulation. CISPR 25 defines test methods for use by vehicle manufacturers and suppliers, to assist in the design of vehicles and components and ensure controlled levels of on-board radio frequency emissions. Vehicle test limits are provided for guidance and are based on a typical radio receiver using the antenna provided as part of the vehicle, or a test antenna if a unique antenna is not specified. The frequency bands that are defined do not apply to all regions or countries of the world. For economic reasons, the vehicle manufacturer must be free to identify what frequency bands are applicable in the countries in which a vehicle will be marketed and which radio services are likely to be used in that vehicle. CISPR 25 standard accomplishes the following: Establishes a test method for measuring the electromagnetic emissions from the electrical system of a vehicle; Sets limits for the electromagnetic emissions from the electrical system of a vehicle; Establishes a test method for testing on-board components and modules independent from the vehicle; Sets limits for electromagnetic emissions from components to prevent objectionable disturbance to on-board receivers CISPR 25 contains limits and procedures for the measurement of radio disturbances in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 2500 MHz. The standard applies to any electronic/electrical component intended for use in vehicles, trailers, and devices. Refer to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) publications for details of frequency allocations. The limits are intended to provide protection for

GM GMW3097 (General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Components and Subsystems, Electromagnetic Compatibility) specifies the EMC requirements for all automotive products when evaluated by specified test procedures. It refers to International EMC standards whenever possible, occasionally including internet test procedures when necessary. Validation testing in accordance with GM GMW3097 must be performed at a laboratory that has received recognition through the Automotive EMC Laboratory Recognition Program (AEMCLRP). For GM GMW3097, A minimum of two samples shall be tested. The supply voltage shall be 13.5 (+0.5/-1) V unless otherwise stated in the test plan. The DUT (Device Under Test) shall pass both the component level tests according to this specification and the vehicle level tests according to GMW3091. Component tests are not intended to take the place of vehicle tests. The exact correlation between component and vehicle test performance is dependent on component mounting location, harness length, routing, and grounding, as well as the antenna system. Component testing, however, permits components to be evaluated before actual vehicle availability. Before testing, any deviations from the requirements and/or test procedures shall have been agreed with the GM EMC Engineer responsible for approving the test plan. Such deviations shall be detailed in the approved test plan and on component drawings, test certificates, reports, etc. Note: All EMC test results that are intended for validation purposes must be accompanied by a GMW3103 EMC Test Plan (complete with an approval number supplied by the GM EMC Engineer or by the CEMENT database process). Note: Any EMC development test results that are provided to GM (e.g., test results that have been taken before the EMC test plan approval, or results of limited testing due to root cause analysis or Pre-DV evaluation work) must be marked “Development Data – Not For

FMC1278 CI 280 replaces EMC-CS-2009.1, both referring to ISO 10605 for the ESD testing portion. FMV1278 is applicable for all 12 and 124 volt DC electrical and electronic components/subsystems that are planned for use on 2020 Ford vehicle programs and beyond in addition to E/E component/subsystems whose commercial agreements are signed after July 1, 2015.  CI 280 Electrostatic Discharge is required in most components including all electronic modules (A, AS, AM, AX, AW), electric motors (EM), and other devices (D).  Differences from EMC-CS-2009.1: Concerning reporting, the laboratory may not use the terms pass or fail. They may only report Status I, II, or III. FMC will determine pass/fail based during their review of the formal test report.  Parametric testing no longer required immediately after testing. However, parametric testing is recommended after testing additional test samples.  ISO 10506 (2001) replaced by ISO 10605 (2008). Affects ESD simulator verification.  For handling tests, the DUT is placed on dielectric support vs a dissipative mat. 200 mm ground still required.  Figures updated to show that CAN wiring remains co-bundled with another wiring during powered ESD tests.  ESD stress levels now extended to +/= 15 kV for CAN circuits in the diagnostic connector. 

FCC Part 15 is a section of Title 47, Part 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations, a set of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations for unlicensed transmissions. FCC Part 15 applies to most electronics devices sold inside the United States, governing their levels of intentional, unintentional and incidental emissions.   Subpart A: Incidental Radiators An incidental radiator (defined in Section 15.3 (n)) is an electrical device that is not designed to intentionally use, intentionally generate or intentionally emit radio frequency energy over 9 kHz. However, an incidental radiator may produce byproducts of radio emissions above 9 kHz and cause radio interference. A product that is classified as an incidental radiator device is not required to obtain an equipment authorization. Nonetheless, the incidental radiator is regulated under the general operating conditions of Section 15.5 and if there is harmful interference the user must stop operation and remedy the interference. Manufacturers and importers should use good engineering judgment before they market and sell these products, to minimize possible interference (Section 15.13). Examples of products that are classified as incidental radiators include AC and DC motors, mechanical light switches, basic electrical power tools (that do not contain digital logic).   Subparts B & G: Unintentional Radiators An unintentional radiator (defined in Section 15.3 (z)) is a device that by design uses digital logic, or electrical signals operating at radio frequencies for use within the product, or sends radio frequency signals by conduction to associated equipment via connecting wiring, but is not intended to emit RF energy wirelessly by radiation or induction. Today the majority of electronic-electrical products use digital logic, operating between 9 kHz to 3000 GHz and are regulated under 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart B. Examples include coffee pots, wristwatches, cash registers,

IEC 61000-4-31 relates to the conducted immunity of electrical and electronic equipment to electromagnetic disturbances coming from intended and/or unintended broadband signal sources in the frequency range 150 kHz up to 80 MHz. IEC 61000-4-31 has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. IEC 61000-4-31 builds off of the common-mode testing procedures outlined in IEC 61000-4-6 and differential mode testing described in IEC 61000-4-19 (lower frequency range). The object of this standard is to establish a common reference to evaluate the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to conducted disturbances caused by intended and/or unintended broadband signal sources on AC mains ports. The test method documented in this standard describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against a defined phenomenon. Equipment not having at least one AC mains port is excluded. The power ports not intended to be connected to AC mains distribution networks are not considered as “AC mains ports” and therefore are excluded. This standard is applicable only to single-phase equipment having rated input current ≤ 16 A; the application of the broadband disturbance to multiple phase equipment and/or equipment with rated input current > 16 A is under consideration. Buy Standard

Buy the Standard IEC 61000-6-4: Emission standard for industrial environments applies to electrical and electronic apparatus intended for use in industrial environments as described below. Emission requirements in the frequency range 0 Hz to 400 GHz are covered. No measurement needs to be performed at frequencies where no requirement is specified. This generic EMC emission standard is applicable if no relevant dedicated product or product-family EMC emission standard exists. IEC 61000-6-4 applies to a apparatus intended to be connected to a power network supplied from a high or medium voltage transformer dedicated to the supply of an installation feeding manufacturing or similar plant, and intended to operate in or in proximity to industrial locations, as described below. This standard applies also to apparatus, which is battery operated and intended to be used in industrial locations. The environments encompassed by this standard are industrial, both indoor and outdoor. Industrial locations are in addition characterized by the existence of one or more of the following examples: industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) apparatus; heavy inductive or capacitive loads that are frequently switched; high currents and associated magnetic fields. The object of this standard is to define the emission test requirements for apparatus defined in the scope in relation to continuous and transient, conducted and radiated disturbances. The emission requirements have been selected so as to ensure that disturbances generated by apparatus operating normally in industrial locations do not exceed a level that could prevent other apparatus from operating as intended. Fault conditions of apparatus are not taken into account. Not all disturbance phenomena have been included for testing purposes in this standard but only those considered as relevant for the equipment covered by this standard. These requirements represent essential electromagnetic compatibility emission

EN 55011 is a product family standard (largely based on CISPR 11) for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) equipment and electro-discharge machining (EDM) and arc welding equipment. This standard sets forth procedures for the measurement of radio-frequency (RF) disturbances and limits within the frequency range of 9 kHz to 400 GHz. Requirements for ISM lighting apparatus and UV irradiators operating at frequencies within the ISM frequency bands defined by the ITU Radio Regulations are also contained in EN 55011. ISM equipment or appliances tested against EN 55011 under the EMC Directive are designed to generate and use locally, RF energy for industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar purposes, excluding applications in the field of telecommunication. Typical ISM applications are the production of physical, biological, or chemical effects such as heating, ionization of gases, mechanical vibrations, hair removal and acceleration of charged particles. Compliance with this standard gives a partial presumption of conformity with the European EMC Directive, 2004/108/EC. EN 55011 is an emission only standard covering radiated and conducted emissions. Most products will also require an assessment of immunity standards, such as: (1) EN 61326-1 – Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use; or (2) EN 61000-6-2 – Generic Standards Immunity for industrial environments. These aforementioned two specifications contain additional requirements for electromagnetic interference and transient phenomenon. Additionally, devices powered via AC mains may require additional testing for power line harmonics and power line flicker. Although the term medical is in the title of this standard, EN 55011 does not apply directly to medical devices within the scope of the Medical Device Directive 93/42/EEC. The reason is that for medical devices falling within the scope of 93/42/EEC, the EMC directive does not apply directly, but

EN 61000-6 is an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard developed to keep interference between electronic devices under control to reduce disturbance and improve immunity in residential, industrial, and commercial environments. EN 61000-6 has four parts to date comprised of the following: 1) EN 61000-6-1: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-1: Generic standards - Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments Applies to electrical and electronic apparatus intended for use in residential, commercial and light-industrial environments both indoor and outdoor. Immunity requirements in the frequency range 0 Hz to 400 GHz are covered. This generic EMC immunity standard is applicable if no relevant dedicated product or product-family EMC immunity standard exists. This standard applies to apparatus intended to be directly connected to a low-voltage public mains network or connected to a dedicated DC source which is intended to interface between the apparatus and the low-voltage public mains network. This standard applies also to apparatus which is battery operated or is powered by a non-public, but non-industrial, low-voltage power distribution system if this apparatus is intended to be used in the locations. This standard supersedes EN 50082-1. 2) EN 61000-6-2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for industrial environments Applies to electrical and electronic apparatus intended for use in industrial environments. Immunity requirements in the frequency range 0 Hz to 400 GHz are covered. This generic EMC immunity standard is applicable if no relevant dedicated product or product-family EMC immunity standard exists. This standard applies to apparatus intended to be connected to a power network supplied from a high or medium voltage transformer dedicated to the supply of an installation feeding manufacturing or similar plant, and intended to operate in or in proximity to

Airbus ABD0100.1.8 safety standard covers the environmental conditions and test requirements associated with qualification. This standard specifically pertains to EMC conducted susceptibility and was developed based off of the existing RTCA/DO-160 standards. The following test tables are included in the ABD0100 test option.   Power Group Description Nominal Voltage Nominal Frequency Phase Modes Table A AC Power, Constant Frequency 115Vrms L-N 400Hz 1 Phase and 3 Phase Table B AC Power, Constant Frequency 26Vrms L-N 400Hz 1 Phase and 3 Phase Table C AC Power, Wide Variable Frequency 115Vrms L-N 360 – 800 Hz 1 Phase and 3 Phase Table D Conventional DC Power Test 28 Vdc n/a n/a Table E NBPT DC Power Test 28 Vdc n/a n/a