Haefely AXOS 8 Compact Conducted Immunity Test System

ANSI C62.45 lists procedures for the performance of surge testing on electrical and electronic equipment connected to low-voltage AC power circuits, specifically using the recommended test waveforms defined in IEEE Std C62.41.2-2002. Nevertheless, these recommendations apply to any surge testing, regardless of the specific surges that may be applied. ANSI C62.45, the third document in a Trilogy of three IEEE standards addressing surges in low voltage ac power circuits, focuses on test procedures, using representative surge waveforms developed based on the two other documents of the Trilogy. There are no specific models that are representative of all surge environments; the complexities of the real world need to be simplified to produce a manageable set of standard surge tests. To this end, a surge environment classification scheme is presented in IEEE Std C62.41.2-2002. Table 1: Summary of applicable standard and additional surge testing waveforms for Location Categories A, B, and C (Scenario I only) and for Scenario II   Scenario I Surges impringing upon the structure from the outside and generated within Scenario II Direct lightning flash Location Category 100 kHz Ring Wave Combination Wave Separate Voltage/Current 5/50 ns EFT Burst 10/1000 μs Wave Inductive Coupling Direct Coupling A Standard Standard — Additional Additional Category B Ring Wave Case-by-case assesment B Standard Standard — Additional Additional C Low Optional Standard — Optional Additional C High Optional — Standard Optional — Download Standard

ANSI/IEEE C62.41 specifies standard service conditions, standard ratings, performance requirements, and testing requirements for relays and relay systems used to protect and control power apparatus. According to ANSI/IEEE C62.41, a relay system may include computer interface equipment and/or communications interface equipment, such as a carrier transmitter/receiver or audio tone equipment. ANSI/IEEE C62.41 does not cover relays designed primarily for industrial control, for switching communication or other low-level signals, or any other equipment not intended for control of power apparatus.  

IEC 61000-4-11 defines the immunity test methods and range of preferred test levels for electrical and electronic equipment connected to low-voltage power supply networks for voltage dips, short interruptions, and voltage variations. This standard applies to electrical and electronic equipment having a rated input current not exceeding 16 A per phase, for connection to 50 Hz or 60 Hz AC networks. IEC 61000-4-11 does not apply to electrical and electronic equipment for connection to 400 Hz A.C. networks. Tests for these networks will be covered by future IEC standards. The object of IEC 61000-4-11 is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to voltage dips, short interruptions, and voltage variations.   Recommended Bundle For PQF Dips and Interrupts Tests: Haefely AXOS 5 Transient Generator   +   Haefely DIP 116 Automatic Dip Transformer   =   IEC 61000-4-11 Dips & Interrupts up to 5kV Learn More This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1994 and its amendment 1 (2000). This second edition constitutes a technical revision in which:   Preferred test values and durations have been added for the different environment classes; The tests for the three-phase systems have been specified. It has the status of a Basic EMC Publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.   Dips and Interrupts Background Dips and interrupts can occur on the AC power mains as a result of a fault in the distribution system such as an open circuit breaker or a sudden large load being turned on in the immediate vicinity. A power distribution system fault can cause a switch in the distribution grid to open and close several times, resulting in multiple interrupts to electrical and electronic equipment. Electronic products are

IEC 61000-4-12 relates to the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment, under operational conditions, to non-repetitive damped oscillatory transients (ring waves) occurring in low-voltage power, control and signal lines supplied by public and non-public networks. The object of this basic standard is to establish the immunity requirements and a common reference for evaluating in a laboratory the performance of electrical and electronic equipment intended for residential, commercial and industrial applications, as well as of equipment intended for power stations and substations, as applicable. The purpose of IEC 61000-4-12 is to define: - test voltage and current waveforms; - Ranges of test levels - Test equipment - Test set-up - Test procedure   IEC 61000-4-12 specifies tests to simulate two phenomena: The ring wave (non-repetitive) appears at the terminals of equipment as a consequence of switching in power and control lines, as well as a consequence of lightning. The ring wave test applies to equipment connected to AC mains in certain countries (e.g. the mains network in the USA). This test has existed for a long time under the designation ANSI/IEEE C.62.41-1991. The damped oscillatory wave (repetitive) appears at the terminals of equipment as a consequence of switching with restriking of the arc. The damped oscillatory wave test applies to equipment used in high voltage substations (static relays). This test, but with a frequency of 1 MHz only, has existed for a long time under IEC 255-4, Appendix E5: High-frequency disturbance test, also known as ANSI/IEEE C.37.90a-1989, and has been transferred to IEC 60255-22- 1: Electrical disturbance tests for measuring relays and protection equipment – 1 MHz burst disturbance tests. By inclusion in IEC 61000-4-12, the frequency range was extended. Coupling is performed via a coupling/decoupling network with coupling capacitors of 0.5, 3 or 10 µF, depending on

This subsection of IEC 61000 defines test methods for immunity to voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations at the DC input power port of electrical or electronic equipment. This test is similar to the IEC 61000-4-11 dips/interrupt test but applies to DC-powered products. IEC 61000-4-29 applies to low voltage DC power ports of equipment supplied by external DC networks. The object of IEC 61000-4-29 is to establish a common and reproducible basis for testing electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to voltage dips, short interruptions or voltage variations on DC input power ports. IEC 61000-4-29 defines: - The range of test levels - The test generator - The test set-up - The test procedure The test applies to electrical and electronic equipment and systems. It also applies to modules or subsystems whenever the EUT (equipment under test) rated power is greater than the test generator capacity specified in clause 6. The ripple at the DC input power port is not included in the scope of this part of IEC 61000. It is covered by IEC 61000-4-17. Common features for all IEC 61000-4 standards Pre-set test sequences and test levels Immunity tests can be run continuously or in single-step mode to allow close observation of EUT performance. Measurements such as voltage and current and recorded at each test step and included in test reports. User-guided prompts the operator through the entire test procedure. All test sequences are fully customizable by the user if needed to create a custom version or special purpose test variations as desired. This standard does not specify the tests to be applied to a particular apparatus or system. Its main aim is to give a general basic reference to IEC product committees. These product committees (or users and manufacturers of equipment) remain responsible for the appropriate choice of the tests and the severity level to be applied to their equipment.   Recommended

IEC 61000-4-4 establishes a common and reproducible reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrical fast transient/bursts on supply, signal, control and earth ports. The EFT test method documented in IEC 61000-4-4 describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against a defined phenomenon. The standard gives specifications for laboratory and post-installation EMC burst test procedures. IEC 61000-4-4 defines: - Test voltage waveform - Range of test levels - Test equipment - Verification procedures of test equipment - Test set-up - Test procedure   Get the Standard   EFT Test Background Electrical Fast Transients (EFT) are caused anytime a gaseous discharge (a spark in the air or other gas) occurs, the most common being the opening of a switch through which current is flowing. As the switch is opened, arcing occurs between the contacts; first at a low voltage and high frequency while contacts are close together, and later at a higher voltage and lower frequency as the contacts become separated. Coupling of the EFT into electronic products occurs when power cables handling high currents are run near power, data, and/or I/O cables. EMC test engineers perform an EFT test ensure their continued reliable operation if subjected to realistic levels of fast transients. The European Union’s EMC Directive mandates EFT testing for virtually all electrical and electronic products as a condition for obtaining the CE Mark before shipping to a member state of the European Union.   EMC Burst Test Standards Generic Immunity, Product and Product Family Standards require that EFT tests be performed in accordance with Basic EMC Standards: IEC 801-4, IEC 61000-4-4 or EN 61000-4-4. Thermo KeyTek's Application Note, "EMC Standards Overview," provides an overview of European Standards for electromagnetic compatibility,

Get the Standard IEC 61000-4-5 details the immunity requirements, test methods, and range of recommended test levels for equipment subjected to unidirectional surges caused by overvoltages from switching and lightning transients. Several test levels are defined which relate to various environmental and installation conditions. IEC 61000-4-5 is designed for electrical and electronic equipment. The object of this standard is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to surges. IEC 61000-4-5 describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against a defined phenomenon. This standard defines: - A range of test levels - Test equipment - Test setups - Test procedures   The task of the described laboratory test is to find the reaction of the EUT under specified operational conditions, to surge voltages caused by switching and lightning effects at certain threat levels. It is not intended to test the capability of the EUT's insulation to withstand high-voltage stress. Direct injections of lightning currents, i.e, direct lightning strikes, are not considered in this standard. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. View more information provided by IEC.   Surge Background Surges occur on the AC power mains as a result of switching operations in the power grid and from nearby lightning strikes, either directly to the power distribution system or to nearby ground. Radiated coupling of surges into I/O lines generally occurs only when the lines are very long. Electronic products are tested for surge immunity to ensure their continued reliable operation if subjected to realistic levels of surge voltages. The European Union’s EMC Directive currently mandates Surge testing for some products; however, it is expected that virtually all electrical and electronic products will have to be tested for

Pulsed Magnetic Field Background According to IEC 61000-4-9, pulse magnetic fields are generated by lightning strikes on buildings and metal structures including aerial masts, earth conductors and earth networks and by initial fault transients in low voltage, medium voltage, and high voltage systems. This test is mainly applicable to products to be installed in electrical power plants (e.g. telecontrol centers close to switchgear). It is not relevant for distribution network equipment. The test is performed by applying 6.4/16 µs magnetic field pulses of defined strength to the equipment to be tested. Electronic products in accordance with IEC 61000-4-9 are tested for immunity pulsed magnetic fields to ensure their continued reliable operation when placed in service in a very harsh environment. Although most electrical and electronic products will not have to be tested for pulse magnetic field immunity, the European Union’s EMC Directive may mandate this testing as a condition for obtaining the CE mark under special circumstances and for specific products before shipping to a member state of the European Union.   Recommended Bundle For Pulse Magnetic Field Tests: Haefely AXOS 5 Transient Generator   +   Haefely DIP 116 Automatic Dip Transformer   +   Haefely MSURGE Antenna   =   IEC 61000-4-9 Pulse Magnetic Field Testing System Learn More   Applicable Standards Although not currently required by generic immunity, product-specific, or product family standards, future standards may require pulse magnetic field tests be performed in accordance with Basic EMC Standards: IEC 61000-4-9 and EN 61000-4-9. Thermo KeyTek's application note, "EMC Standards Overview," provides an overview of European Standards for electromagnetic compatibility, describes